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Fighting Traffic
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Fighting Traffic by Peter D. NortonBefore the advent of the automobile, users of city streets were diverse and included children at play and pedestrians at large. By 1930, most streets were primarily a motor thoroughfares where children did not belong and where pedestrians were condemned as "jaywalkers." In Fighting Traffic, Peter Norton argues that to accommodate automobiles, the American city required not only a physical change but also a social one: before the city could be reconstructed for the sake of motorists, its streets had to be socially reconstructed as places where motorists belonged. It was not an evolution, he writes, but a bloody and sometimes violent revolution. Norton describes how street users struggled to define and redefine what streets were for. He examines developments in the crucial transitional years from the 1910s to the 1930s, uncovering a broad anti-automobile campaign that reviled motorists as "road hogs" or "speed demons" and cars as "juggernauts" or "death cars." He considers the perspectives of all users--pedestrians, police (who had to become "traffic cops"), street railways, downtown businesses, traffic engineers (who often saw cars as the problem, not the solution), and automobile promoters. He finds that pedestrians and parents campaigned in moral terms, fighting for "justice." Cities and downtown businesses tried to regulate traffic in the name of "efficiency." Automotive interest groups, meanwhile, legitimized their claim to the streets by invoking "freedom"--a rhetorical stance of particular power in the United States. Fighting Traffic offers a new look at both the origins of the automotive city in America and how social groups shape technological change.Peter D. Norton is Assistant Professor in the Department of Science, Technology, and Society at the University of Virginia. Fighting Traffic by Peter D. Norton |
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Repair and workshop manuals are a series of convenient manuals that normally focuses on the routine maintenance and repair of automotive vehicles, covering a wide range of models and makes. Workshop manuals are geared mainly at Doing It Yourself owners, rather than professional workshop mechanics.The manuals cover areas such as: thermostats,overhead cam timing,stripped screws,camshaft timing,anti freeze,oil pump,valve grind,window replacement,signal relays,Carburetor,stub axle,grease joints,exhaust manifold,CV joints,oil seal,stabiliser link,spark plugs,diesel engine,knock sensor,o-ring,pcv valve,conrod,water pump,brake drum,sump plug,seat belts, oil pan,trailing arm,rocker cover,petrol engine,brake piston,headlight bulbs,bleed brakes,pitman arm,turbocharger,crankshaft position sensor,brake rotors,wiring harness,change fluids,replace bulbs,glow plugs,window winder,camshaft sensor,coolant temperature sensor,clutch pressure plate,injector pump,crank case,alternator replacement,bell housing,steering arm,CV boots,crank pulley,starter motor,master cylinder,clutch cable,drive belts,piston ring,clutch plate,adjust tappets,head gasket,oxygen sensor,suspension repairs,ABS sensors,radiator flush,ball joint,blown fuses,exhaust pipes,spring,brake pads,wheel bearing replacement,brake servo,brake shoe,supercharger,distributor,tie rod,ignition system,batteries,engine control unit,radiator fan,replace tyres,radiator hoses,exhaust gasket,gearbox oil,fix tyres,caliper,alternator belt,gasket,warning light,throttle position sensor,fuel gauge sensor,shock absorbers,cylinder head,spark plug leads,slave cylinder,fuel filters,engine block
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