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Land Rover Series 2 2A 3 1959 1983 Service Repair Manual Brooklands Books Ltd UK
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Get other Land Rover repair manuals here Re-issue of Autobooks manual covering all tasks and components for the following: Series 2, 2.25 litre, Petrol 1959 - 1961. Series 2A, Petrol and Diesel 1961 - 1971. Series 3, Petrol and Diesel 1971 - 1983.Land Rover Series 2/2A/3 1959 - 1983 Manual Covers all 4, 6 and V8 engines 1959 - 1983Contents: The Petrol Engine. The Diesel Engine. The Petrol Fuel System - Solex, Zenith, Stromberg and SU Carburetters (Carburettors). The Diesel Fuel System. The Ignition System. The Cooling System. The Clutch. The Gearbox and Transfer Gearbox. Propeller Shaft, Rear Axle and Rear Suspension. Front Suspension, Differential and Hubs. The Steering Gear. The Braking System. The Electrical Equipment. The Bodywork. Optional Equipment. Technical Data. Wiring Diagram 2.25 Litre Petrol Models Series 2 - Positive Earth. Wiring Diagram 2.25 Litre Petrol Models Series 2A Positive Earth. Wiring Diagram 2.25 Litre Diesel Models Series 2A Positive Earth. Wiring Diagram 2.25 Litre Petrol Models Negative Earth. Wiring Diagram 2.6 Litre Petrol Models Negative Earth. Wiring Diagram 2.25 Litre Diesel Models Series 2A Negative Earth. Wiring Diagram 2.6 Litre 109 Station Wagon Negative Earth. Wiring Diagram 2.25 and 2.6 Litre Petrol Models Series 3. Wiring Diagram 2.25 Litre Diesel Models Series 3. Wiring Diagram 3.5 Litre Model Left Hand and Right Hand Steering with Rear Fog Lamps Negative Earth.Part Number: OWM 895. Information on Repair and Service Manuals Note that repair manuals are normally produced for models sold in a particular country. Differences in specification can exist between models sold in different countries and items such as installed engines can differ. Please check that the manual will cover your model before purchase and if you need more detail please contact us here. . |
The land-rover Series I, II, and III (generally referred to as show Land Rovers, to tell apart all of them from subsequent versions) tend to be off-road vehicles created by the British manufacturer Land Rover which were encouraged by the US-built Willys Jeep. In 1992, Land Rover reported that 70% of all the motors that they had built remained in use.
Series systems function leaf-sprung suspension system with selectable two or four-wheel drive (4WD); though the Stage 1 V8 version of the Series III showcased permanent 4WD. All three models could possibly be going with a front hand crank and had a choice of a rear power takeoff for add-ons.
The successor to your effective show I became the show II, which saw a production run from 1958 to 1961. It came in 88 in (2,200 mm) and 109 in (2,800 mm) wheelbases (generally named the 'SWB' and 'LWB'). This is the first land-rover to receive the interest of Rover's styling department- main Stylist David Bache produced the familiar 'barrel part' waist to cover the car's wide track therefore the better design associated with the vehicle cab variant, introducing the curved part house windows and curved roof nevertheless utilized on present Land Rovers. The show II was 1st vehicle to utilize the well-known 2.25-litre petrol system, even though first 1,500 roughly quick wheelbase (SWB) designs retained the 52 hp (39 kW) 2.0-litre petrol motor through the Series I. This larger petrol engine produced 72 hp (54 kW) and is closely related to the 2.0-litre diesel product nevertheless used. This engine became the typical land-rover product before mid-1980s when diesel engines became much more popular.
The 109-inch (2,800 mm) Series II Station Wagon launched a twelve-seater solution in addition to the standard ten-seater layout. This is mostly to take advantage of British taxation laws and regulations, wherein an automobile with 12 seating or even more had been classified as a bus, and had been exempt from acquisition taxation and certain car Tax. This made the twelve-seater not merely less expensive to get versus 10-seater variation, but also cheaper than the seven-seater 88-inch (2,200 mm) Station truck. The twelve-seater layout remained an extremely popular body style for decades, being retained on the subsequent Series and Defender variants until 2002, with regards to is fallen. The unusual reputation for the twelve-seater stayed through to the end---such automobiles had been classified as minibuses and so can use coach lanes and (if registered properly) could possibly be exempt from the London obstruction fee.
There is a point of over-lap between show I and Series II manufacturing. Early Series II 88-inch (2,200 mm) automobiles are fitted aided by the old 2-litre petrol system to make use of up existing stock from creation of the Series I 107-inch (2,700 mm) place Wagon proceeded until belated 1959 because of continued requirements from export markets and also to allow the production of Series II elements to attain full levels.
The intake/inlet over fatigue (IOE) motor, also known as F-head (in the USA) and pouch device, was a valvetrain configuration found in early four-stroke internal combustion engines. The configuration consists of inlet valves found in the cylinder head and exhaust valves located in the cylinder or motor block.
IOE machines were popular during the early motorbikes, initially because of the inlet device being operated by engine suction rather than a cam-activated valvetrain. Whenever suction-operated inlet valves achieved their limitations as system rates increasing, the makers altered the designs by the addition of a mechanical valvetrain for the inlet valve. Several automobile brands, including Willys and Rolls-Royce, additionally made IOE engines for their vehicles. Rover manufactured a line of machines with a really efficient type of the IOE induction program.
Several designs using reverse program, fatigue over inlet, or EOI, have now been manufactured.
The SII while the SIIA have become hard to differentiate. There were some minor cosmetic changes, nevertheless most crucial changes had been beneath the bonnet inside guise for the brand-new 2.25-litre diesel system. System designs offered by the factory ranged from short-wheelbase soft-top to your top-of-the-line five-door section wagon. In 1967 a 2.6-litre in-line six-cylinder petrol motor ended up being launched for the long-wheelbase designs which have actually servo-assisted brakes. 811 among these are NADA (or united states Dollar location) vehicles, which were the only real long-wheelbase models created for the United states and Canadian markets.
From February 1969 (home market), the headlamps moved in to the wings on all products, plus the sill panels are redesigned to-be shallower a few months afterwards.
The show IIA is regarded as by many people the most robust Series design constructed. Additionally, it is the kind of classic land-rover that features strongly in public's perception associated with Land Rover, from the most appearances in popular movies and tvs documentaries emerge Africa throughout the sixties, like Born complimentary. In February 1968, just a few period as a result of its producer was subsumed, under authorities pressure, in to the Leyland engine organization, the land-rover celebrated its twentieth birthday celebration, with total production currently simply in short supply of 600,000, that over 70per cent had been exported. Certainly it was as the Series IIA was in production that selling of utility Land Rovers achieved their top, in 1969--70, when deals of over 60,000 Land Rovers a-year are taped. (For comparison, the marketing associated with Defender in recent years have been around the 25,000 degree considering that the 1990s.) Plus record marketing, the Land Rover dominated numerous globe markets- in Australia in sixties land-rover presented 90% associated with 44 market. This figure had been duplicated in a lot of countries in Africa and the center East.
The show IIA FC established in 1962 ended up being on the basis of the show IIA 2.25-litre petrol system and 109 in (2,769 mm) chassis, using taxi situated over the motor to give most load space. Export vehicles had been initial Land-Rovers to get the 2.6-litre petrol engine. More examples have an ENV (heavy weight) back axle, a matching front axle arrived later. Tyres were big 90016 sort on deep-dish wheel rims to distribute the bottom body weight of this heavy vehicle. These cars are notably underpowered for increasing burden capacity (1.5 longer plenty or 1,500 kg), and a lot of have a hard working life. Significantly less than 2,500 are made, and a lot of have a software application human anatomy, but enduring instances frequently have customized bodywork. With an upgraded powertrain, they could be made use of as a small motorhome.
The Series III had exactly the same human anatomy and system alternatives as preceding IIa, including facility wagons therefore the 1 great deal models. Little altered cosmetically from IIA into the show III. The show III is considered the most common show car, with 440,000 for the type built from 1971 to 1985. The headlights were relocated to the wings on late production IIA designs from 1968/9 onward (fundamentally to conform to Australian, United states and Dutch lighting laws) and remained within place for show III. The traditional steel grille, showcased regarding the Series we, II and IIA, is replaced with a plastic one when it comes to Series III model. The 2.25-litre engine have its compression raised from 7:1 to 8:1, enhancing the power slightly (the high-compression engine was in fact an optional fit from the IIa design for quite some time). Through the Series III production run from 1971 until 1985, the 1,000,000th Land Rover rolled from the manufacturing range in 1976. The Series III spotted numerous alterations in the later section of its lifetime as Land Rover updated the design to satisfy increased competitors. This is the first model to function synchromesh on all four gears, although some belated H-suffix SIIA systems (mainly the greater amount of expensive Station Wagons) had utilized the all-synchro package. Consistent with very early 1970s styles in automotive interior design, in both protection and use of more advanced components, the simple material dashboard of earlier products had been redesigned to just accept a fresh moulded plastic dash. The instrument group, that has been formerly located, is moved to the driver's side. Long-wheelbase Series III cars have the Salisbury back axle (the differential housing and axle circumstances were one-piece) as traditional, while some belated SIIA 109-inch (2,800 mm) automobiles had them too.
In 1980, the 2.25-litre petrol and diesel machines obtained five biggest bearing crankshafts to improve rigidity as well as the transmission, axles and wheel hubs were enhanced. This is the culmination of a number of revisions to the transmission that were made considering that the sixties to fight the all-too-common issue of the rear axle half-shafts breaking-in heavy consumption. This dilemma had been partially due to the build of this shafts by themselves. As a result of totally drifting design of this rear wheel hubs, the 1 / 2 shafts may be eliminated very quickly without being forced to jack the vehicle from the ground. The propensity for commercial operators to overload their particular cars exacerbated this flaw which blighted the show Land Rovers in a lot of of these export markets and founded a reputation that goes on in many markets for this day. This really is inspite of the 1982 re-design (primarily the rise of driving-splines from 10 to 24 to cut back tension) that all but resolved the problem.
In addition, latest trim options were launched to help make the interior more comfortable if the buyer therefore desired (numerous farmers and commercial users preferred the initial, non-trimmed internal).
These adjustment culminated in April 1982 using introduction of the "County" spec. Facility Wagon Land Rovers, for sale in both 88-inch (2,200 mm) and 109-inch (2,800 mm) types. These had all-new fabric seats from Leyland T-45 Lorry, soundproofing kits, shaded glass and other "soft" options built to appeal to the leisure owner/user.
Of most interest is the development of the High capability get toward 109-inch (2,800 mm) framework. This was a pick-up truck load bay that supplied 25percent most cubic capability compared to the standard pick-up design. The HCPU included heavy-duty suspension system and had been well-liked by public utility organizations and design contractors.
The Series IIB FC produced from 1966 ended up being similar to the Series IIA forwards controls but added the 2.25-litre diesel engine as an option. The 2.25-litre motor is the conventional engine with this design, the 2.6-litre motor becoming only designed for export.
High quality wide-track axles (created by ENV) were fitted to develop car stability, because was a front side anti-roll club and revised rear springs of attached above the axle as opposed to below it. Along the way the wheelbase is risen to 110 in (2,794 mm). Manufacturing concluded in 1974 whenever Land-Rover rationalised their automobile number. Most IIB elements were in addition applied to the "1 Ton" 109 in car.
The show IIB FC made out of 1966 is much like the Series IIA ahead controls but included the 2.25-litre diesel engine as an alternative. The 2.25-litre engine ended up being the typical motor because of this design, the 2.6-litre engine being just designed for export.
Heavy weight wide-track axles (created by ENV) were suited to improve car security, since had been a front anti-roll club and revised rear springs of mounted above the axle in the place of below they. In the process the wheelbase ended up being risen to 110 in (2,794 mm). Manufacturing ended in 1974 whenever Land-Rover rationalised their car range. Most IIB elements had been in addition utilized on the "1 Ton" 109 in vehicle.
Southern Africa
Southern Africa's union with Land Rover were only available in 1949 whenever earliest Series I 80-inch designs were marketed in South Africa. In August 1950, vehicles suppliers set up (Pty) Ltd assembled the first land-rover CKD in slot Elizabeth, Southern Africa. Initial local creation of gasoline tanks and chassis at slot Elizabeth plant had been launched in August 1963 and there after the area information inside creation of Land Rovers increasing steadily to 44percent of vehicle weight by 1972. Local content included: framework, path springs, entire body, tyres, seat structures and upholstery, electric battery, fibreglass roofing and all sorts of glass. In 1974 Leyland SA have 3 assembly flowers. Local material increasing more in 1980 with all the Series IIIS models installed with in your area created petrol(R6) and diesel(ADE 236) motors. In 1992 the Blackheath factory inside Cape Province ended up being defined as the largest land-rover CKD system outside of the British.
Army
Britain
The British Army put Series Land Rovers in vast quantities (and consistently make use of the latest Defender versions). The British Army tested the 80-inch (2,000 mm) show I land-rover virtually when it was established in 1948. At that moment, the military is keen on developing a specially designed army energy 44 (the Austin Champ). But the Champ shown too complex, hefty and unreliable in battlefield problems and so the Army appeared to your Land Rover. Within the late 1940s the Ministry of Defence is interested in the standardisation of the automobiles and products. Element of this course of action would be to compliment Rolls-Royce petrol machines to any or all their vehicles (even though most were not actually built by R-R). A batch of show I secure Rovers are fitted with Rolls-Royce B40 four-cylinder motor, which required adjustment to an 81-inch (2,100 mm) wheelbase). However, the system was fat and slow-revving, which stunted performance and produced torque that Rover gearbox could recently handle. Rover persuaded the MOD that, considering the quantities of Land Rovers they were considering buying, that the standard 1.6-litre system would suffice. The MOD began buying Land Rovers in batches from belated 1949. The first batches are for 50 automobiles, but because of the mid-1950s the Army ended up being purchasing Land Rovers 200 vehicles at any given time.
Land Rovers are implemented towards the Korean War while the Suez Crisis, and became standard lighter army motors for the Commonwealth.
But since the sixties progressed, progressively specialised models are developed. Along with the standard 'GS' (General Service) automobiles, a common variation is the 'FFR' (Fitted For Radio', which have 24-volt electrics and a sizable engine-powered generator to energy on-board radios. There have been also Ambulances in the 109-inch (2,800 mm) Series II and show III framework. A well-known variation had been the LRDPV (Long-Range wilderness Patrol automobile), commonly called the 'Pink Panther', due to their distinctive lighter pink sand camouflage. These 109-inch (2,800 mm) Series IIs are stripped of doors and windscreens and installed with grenade launchers, a machine gun installing ring and long-range gas tanks and water tanks. They certainly were utilized by the SAS for wilderness patrol and unique operations.
1983 Show III HT Light
Because of the belated 1970s, the British military had obtained around 9,000 show III models, that have been primarily a special 'heavy-duty' type of the 109-inch (2,800 mm) flaccid Top. These models have enhanced suspension system components and a unique framework cross-member design. They certainly were produced in 12-volt 'GS' brands and 24-volt 'FFR' models. A little amounts are 88-inch (2,200 mm) GS and FFR models, however in general the Army made use of the Air-Portable 1/2 ton, 88-inch (2,200 mm) "Lightweight" variation. The Lightweight was at service by many armies all over the globe. In European countries perhaps the Dutch Landmacht and Danish Army used the Land-Rover Lightweight. Rather than the petrol system the Dutch and Danish Lightweights had diesel machines. Instead of the fabric top the Dutch your had PVC tops such as the latest land-rover 'Wolf'.
Additionally, there were additionally 101-inch (2,600 mm) Forward controls versions, 109-inch (2,800 mm) FV18067 ambulances built by Marshall Aerospace of Cambridge.
The Royal Navy and Royal Air energy in addition obtained and preserved small land-rover fleets throughout the sixties and 1970s. The RAF made use of 88-inch (2,200 mm) systems for communications, liaison, personnel transportation and airfield tractor obligations. The Royal Navy's fleet ended up being, naturally, small and consisted mainly of GS-spec and place truck versions for personnel and cargo transportation.
All British army Land Rovers utilized the 2.25-litre four-cylinder petrol system. But some international clients (including the Netherlands) specified the 2.25-litre diesel product alternatively.
The Land Rover is also the foundation for the Shorland inside safety Patrol Vehicle developed by Short Brothers.
Australian Continent
Australian military Land Rover series 2 anti-tank "gunbuggy" with a 106mm recoilless rifle.
Australian military land-rover implemented to Namibia during UNTAG on screen in the Australian War Memorial.
The Australian-made series 1, 2, 2A and 3 had been widely used by the Australian Army, Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air energy. Many had been GS (General provider) mobility motors with variations built for as long Range Patrol motors, ambulances, command reconnaissance automobiles, fire tenders and ceremonial cars.
The initial ended up being brought to the Army in 1948 therefore the series 1 gradually replaced the World War II age Austin Champs and Jeeps. The show 2 was launched in 1958, the 2a in 1963 and sets 3 in 1973. 72 for the show 2 were fitted as an anti-tank "gunbuggy" with a 106mm recoilless rifle.
The Land Rover Perentie, generally considered an armed forces variation regarding the land-rover Defender, ended up being introduced in 1987, three years prior to the Defender was named in 1990. Over 2,500 four wheel drive and 400 six-wheel drive stay static in service.
Unique Zealand
The brand new Zealand Army purchased 640 associated with Australian-made series 1 between 1951-1953. A similar wide range of series 2 are bought in 1959-1962 and a small group of series 2A in 1965-1967. New Zealand bought a small number of ex-Australian show 2 and 2A vehicles in 1971-72, from the pool utilized by the ANZUK energy in Singapore, of typically re-manufactured by BLMC NZ Ltd in Wellington thus bring Brand new Zealand build plates. These are commonly labeled as a Land Rover "Skippy" and generally are distinctive with differently cut guards. 566 associated with the show 3, mostly 109" V8.s, are bought in 1982-83 and as of 2012 around 320 of these remain in services.
What Land-Rovers?
Facts at this stage suggests the NZ military introduced 640 show 1 80" Land-Rovers between 1951-53.
Upcoming ended up being a group of Series 2 109" in 1959-62, some installed with welders, generators, cranes, etc.
There have been a few ahead settings introduced through the 1960's for assessment.
There was the first batch of Series 2A 88" and 109" between 1965-67.
NZ Land-Rover Show 2A Ton FFW
NZ Land-Rover Series 2A Ton 106RCL
The Australian Army offered some made use of 109" Land-Rovers around 1970-72. This group came to exist mainly through ANZUK detachments in bases such as Singapore.
a group of mainly 88" show 2A came into the newest Zealand Army direct from Australian military in 1970-71. These are typically known to Kiwis as "Skippys" and unique making use of their "slashed guards". However a few of these seem to have been built in NZ, and not ex Australia.
AM's NZ Land-Rover Show 2A Great Deal Skippy
In recent usage are the batch of 566 show 3 109" phase One V8's that came betwen 1982-83. These cars were equiped exactly like the civil phase 1 with a V8 engine and 4 speed gearbox. Twenty of these are 'retro-fitted for Bosnia' using the 300 TDi engine, disk brakes, hard-top and white paint. Eighty associated with Stage people are marketed by tender in Summer 2000.
PD's Land-Rover Series 3 V8
Articles in the Evening Post (26/6/00) said NZ defence is in the means of replacing the residual 320 Stage One fleet and also looked at Humvees (nice spec but too expensive) and Land-Rovers and Daimler-Chryslers.
NZ Army Series 2A 88"
A fascinating small article had been printed in Land-Rover's supplier newsletter, the Rover/Alvis team Information, dated May 1967:
"THE MILITARY TAKES OVER"
"oahu is the exact same around the world in virtually any self-respecting Army. 1st order brand new recruits are called upon to obey could be the equal to what in British military parlance are Have fell in! Also it is the same of these modern Land-Rovers once they 'joined' the brand new Zealand Army on a long-term engagement.
"The vehicles had been part of the brand new Zealand buy established within the last dilemma of team Development. They were transported CKD to unique Zealand and put together for Rover unique Zealand in the unique Zealand engine systems plant at Auckland. A considerable number of local-made elements become incorporated."
b&w image number 1; a-row of dark-green 88's with complete canvas (6 vehicles visible) in a field with bonnets available, appearing to be standard automobiles excluding their MOD front two fold bumpers, an individual ext. mirror, and their Army car figures, such as for instance NZ32032, becoming approximately 2 ins higher, painted in white (passenger part best) privately of the mudguard, within firewall end, degree with all the headlights (just underneath the 'waistline' curve). The tyres appear to be 6.50-16 Dunlop path Traks (identical to on HUE-166) - "On parade for examination. A line of impeccably ended up motors, bonnet covers at the 'present', continue to be rigidly at attention while machines become checked over by Cpl. G.J. Lonie, of Christchurch, an everyday energy vehicle auto mechanic connected to the first Composite Ordnance providers, and Cfn. N. Ward, of Ashburton (rear), an auto electrician. These Land-Rovers spotted their particular very first Army provider on a brigade exercise at Waiouru."
b&w picture # 2; a-row of dark green 88's from contrary forward position (4 vehicles noticeable) facing a factory means building with two males standing in front of one of several Land-Rovers, one out of Army overalls, one in a match - "'Sign here kindly'. Warrant Officer W. Morfat gets control a batch of 'Regulars' from Mr. Jack Grimmett, brand new Zealand engine systems installation Division supervisor."
b&w picture no. 3; the tailgate of one dark-green 88" try open and the top rolled back once again showing a full match of broadcast equipment. It really is full. There appears to be extremely little room to suit an operator. There is apparently a strongly fabricated steel buffer installed above the chair bulkhead to stop loose equipment going into the forward controls place. One-man in military overalls in located because of the tailgate tuning kit, and a lab man in a lab layer is writing on a clipboard - "In the 'suppression cage', Mr. Garry Sharpe, New Zealand Motor figures main inspector, and an Army N.C.O., test broadcast gear for interference."
The Land-Rover 'Gunbuggy' variant conversions are completed on some (existing) Series 2 and (interesting) show 2A great deal G.S. Land-Rovers in 1963-64 the use within the Anti container role. The Army acquired 72 of this 106mm RCL firearms for use on Land-Rovers and M113 APCs. The Gunbuggy conversions on SWB Land-Rovers were done by RAEME (3 Base Workshops Broadmeadows Vic) and there some 'in-service' as late as 1996 (!!!!), seeing activity in Vietnam inside their very first decade of service.Click picture for bigger type of photo As a normal sample, the Logbook from Gunbuggy 112-655 (24303650A 13/12/63) registers the conversion being done at an odometer researching of 185 miles and using 301 man-hours (the logbook in addition is the whole vehicle/unit as NSN 2320-66-036-9735).
The Gunbuggy is the main medium-range anti-armour weapon of RAR. How many Gunbuggys are made and 'in-service'? Research info on the Gunbuggy had been just like non-existant until Mike Cecil, a specialist connected to the Australian War Memorial, published their article detailing the Australian Army's platforms with their M40A1 106mm Recoilless Rifles (military mag 8/02):
Land-Rover 88" Gunbuggys = 69 units
Show 2 Gunbuggys = 24 units
Series 2A Gunbuggys = 45 devices
Several Land-Rover show 3 109" test models.
88" Gunbuggy Conversion details:
Pictures of Gunbuggy particular details can be located on the why is they a Gunbuggy? page.
Fitted For Rifle 106mm -(Kit LV6/MT/C100064), aka "Gunbuggy" aka M40A1 106mm Recoilless Rifle (RCL)
3.4m barrel fitted with .50 cal "spotting gun" on top
range 750m moving target, 1700m fixed target
Ammunition TEMPERATURE 17kg round, HEPT 17kg round
Traverse limitation 360 height restrictions -17 to +65
seatbelts fitted (vehicle used as quickly as possible) because doorways had been permanently removed plus roofing, tailgate etc
beefed up back suspension system and rear framework (copes with additional weight and surprise)
forward face of front mudguard panels offered "Minerva" procedures in show 2 and 2A, as a reinforcement measure, as well as negative cutaway procedures added to show 2A
chair bulkhead cut away in the middle to permit gun support at center crossmember of chassis
barrel clamp band fixed centrally to leading of firewall (so no windscreen) -twin tiny windshields clamped on with attachments as an alternative
wipers organized thru the 2 air flow panels (redundant actually as windshields best used on parade)
tool clamps on seatbox and ammo field on vertical area of bulkhead below dash settings
elimination of standard free tyre supports
double fuel tanks and joining faucet fitted in seatbox, with toolbox in centre
fuel fillers removed to allow for layer stowage (gas container caps accessed under chairs)
grab rails installed inside top sides of backside tub
fatigue muffler location modified to facilitate barrel cleanup rod stowage in a tube welded in accordance with chassis PTO opening (swing coverplate fitted)
substantial backside bodywork alteration to facilitate stowage of six 106mm shells parallel within sides of rear body (layer tubes extend to seat bulkhead, 3 each part)
back floor have steel station or routine to guide front wheel of gun "tripod" and mounting for rear legs of "tripod"
tools to permit elimination of weapon to facilitate use within emplacement, airlift or "man packing" (219kg -ugh!) into large ground an such like and
camo netting attached various, ditto broadcast, jerry cans, packs.
Operational Suggestions:
managed in pairs
bravery needed right here as you need zero protection from bullets, schrapnel, artillery and container fire etc, (in accordance with other infantry) and you're sitting on a prime target
dangerous when braking hard at speeds in reverse
should notice associates guidelines suggests unsuitability of helmets while the use of ear muffs (numerous providers possess some hearing loss)
crewed by (members chosen for capability at speeds)
motorist
firearm loader
gunner
"commander/navigator" (usually LCPL or CPL)
in a 1960's framework this two unit team could get most near opponent place (by virtue of SWB flexibility, reduced silhouette, relatively reasonable automobile sounds & pounds -not tracked), and either dig-in and surprise ambush (after that keep scene ASAP) or, in open action, come to a screaming end and fire, reload and go off ASAP. The latter activity is over in 15-20 moments. There clearly was powerful motivation to have "out-of-range" as stated above, not to mention atmosphere attack/retaliation: strictly "capture 'n scoot"...
Firearm by Springfield U.S.A. carried 7 shell capacity split typically to 4 armour, 3 soft target
ex-crew opinions...
"It's a pig to push."
"any place in a 30m distance to the back was a no-go location -severe surprise or bleeding ears if not."
"The buggy ended up being close till initial shot - from then on the gasoline measure, indicator and brake light filaments, and panel lights had been all U/S."
"Tankies see disturb on workouts. We "knocked out" heaps of Leopards in 2 time. That is really worth many."
The Australian engineered and built Gunbuggy variation is the longest helping Land-Rover conversion to date. There have been withdrawn from service in the exact middle of the 1990's. High priced conversion rates are not changed as frequently as G.S. variants obviously, but this is in addition an incident of maybe not requiring or not having some thing to supercede the 106mm RCL. It is the "relatively best" anti-armour gun, because a 106mm slug will penetrate armour; deeply and profoundly. So technical components had been replaced (eg motor and drivetrain) as the years went by. Another exemplory instance of long solution could be the Ambulance transformation (aka blood field) that spent ages 'in-service' from 1963 to 1991, also due to the prohibitive replacement expenses associated with bodywork.
Series systems function leaf-sprung suspension system with selectable two or four-wheel drive (4WD); though the Stage 1 V8 version of the Series III showcased permanent 4WD. All three models could possibly be going with a front hand crank and had a choice of a rear power takeoff for add-ons.
The successor to your effective show I became the show II, which saw a production run from 1958 to 1961. It came in 88 in (2,200 mm) and 109 in (2,800 mm) wheelbases (generally named the 'SWB' and 'LWB'). This is the first land-rover to receive the interest of Rover's styling department- main Stylist David Bache produced the familiar 'barrel part' waist to cover the car's wide track therefore the better design associated with the vehicle cab variant, introducing the curved part house windows and curved roof nevertheless utilized on present Land Rovers. The show II was 1st vehicle to utilize the well-known 2.25-litre petrol system, even though first 1,500 roughly quick wheelbase (SWB) designs retained the 52 hp (39 kW) 2.0-litre petrol motor through the Series I. This larger petrol engine produced 72 hp (54 kW) and is closely related to the 2.0-litre diesel product nevertheless used. This engine became the typical land-rover product before mid-1980s when diesel engines became much more popular.
The 109-inch (2,800 mm) Series II Station Wagon launched a twelve-seater solution in addition to the standard ten-seater layout. This is mostly to take advantage of British taxation laws and regulations, wherein an automobile with 12 seating or even more had been classified as a bus, and had been exempt from acquisition taxation and certain car Tax. This made the twelve-seater not merely less expensive to get versus 10-seater variation, but also cheaper than the seven-seater 88-inch (2,200 mm) Station truck. The twelve-seater layout remained an extremely popular body style for decades, being retained on the subsequent Series and Defender variants until 2002, with regards to is fallen. The unusual reputation for the twelve-seater stayed through to the end---such automobiles had been classified as minibuses and so can use coach lanes and (if registered properly) could possibly be exempt from the London obstruction fee.
There is a point of over-lap between show I and Series II manufacturing. Early Series II 88-inch (2,200 mm) automobiles are fitted aided by the old 2-litre petrol system to make use of up existing stock from creation of the Series I 107-inch (2,700 mm) place Wagon proceeded until belated 1959 because of continued requirements from export markets and also to allow the production of Series II elements to attain full levels.
The intake/inlet over fatigue (IOE) motor, also known as F-head (in the USA) and pouch device, was a valvetrain configuration found in early four-stroke internal combustion engines. The configuration consists of inlet valves found in the cylinder head and exhaust valves located in the cylinder or motor block.
IOE machines were popular during the early motorbikes, initially because of the inlet device being operated by engine suction rather than a cam-activated valvetrain. Whenever suction-operated inlet valves achieved their limitations as system rates increasing, the makers altered the designs by the addition of a mechanical valvetrain for the inlet valve. Several automobile brands, including Willys and Rolls-Royce, additionally made IOE engines for their vehicles. Rover manufactured a line of machines with a really efficient type of the IOE induction program.
Several designs using reverse program, fatigue over inlet, or EOI, have now been manufactured.
The SII while the SIIA have become hard to differentiate. There were some minor cosmetic changes, nevertheless most crucial changes had been beneath the bonnet inside guise for the brand-new 2.25-litre diesel system. System designs offered by the factory ranged from short-wheelbase soft-top to your top-of-the-line five-door section wagon. In 1967 a 2.6-litre in-line six-cylinder petrol motor ended up being launched for the long-wheelbase designs which have actually servo-assisted brakes. 811 among these are NADA (or united states Dollar location) vehicles, which were the only real long-wheelbase models created for the United states and Canadian markets.
From February 1969 (home market), the headlamps moved in to the wings on all products, plus the sill panels are redesigned to-be shallower a few months afterwards.
The show IIA is regarded as by many people the most robust Series design constructed. Additionally, it is the kind of classic land-rover that features strongly in public's perception associated with Land Rover, from the most appearances in popular movies and tvs documentaries emerge Africa throughout the sixties, like Born complimentary. In February 1968, just a few period as a result of its producer was subsumed, under authorities pressure, in to the Leyland engine organization, the land-rover celebrated its twentieth birthday celebration, with total production currently simply in short supply of 600,000, that over 70per cent had been exported. Certainly it was as the Series IIA was in production that selling of utility Land Rovers achieved their top, in 1969--70, when deals of over 60,000 Land Rovers a-year are taped. (For comparison, the marketing associated with Defender in recent years have been around the 25,000 degree considering that the 1990s.) Plus record marketing, the Land Rover dominated numerous globe markets- in Australia in sixties land-rover presented 90% associated with 44 market. This figure had been duplicated in a lot of countries in Africa and the center East.
The show IIA FC established in 1962 ended up being on the basis of the show IIA 2.25-litre petrol system and 109 in (2,769 mm) chassis, using taxi situated over the motor to give most load space. Export vehicles had been initial Land-Rovers to get the 2.6-litre petrol engine. More examples have an ENV (heavy weight) back axle, a matching front axle arrived later. Tyres were big 90016 sort on deep-dish wheel rims to distribute the bottom body weight of this heavy vehicle. These cars are notably underpowered for increasing burden capacity (1.5 longer plenty or 1,500 kg), and a lot of have a hard working life. Significantly less than 2,500 are made, and a lot of have a software application human anatomy, but enduring instances frequently have customized bodywork. With an upgraded powertrain, they could be made use of as a small motorhome.
The Series III had exactly the same human anatomy and system alternatives as preceding IIa, including facility wagons therefore the 1 great deal models. Little altered cosmetically from IIA into the show III. The show III is considered the most common show car, with 440,000 for the type built from 1971 to 1985. The headlights were relocated to the wings on late production IIA designs from 1968/9 onward (fundamentally to conform to Australian, United states and Dutch lighting laws) and remained within place for show III. The traditional steel grille, showcased regarding the Series we, II and IIA, is replaced with a plastic one when it comes to Series III model. The 2.25-litre engine have its compression raised from 7:1 to 8:1, enhancing the power slightly (the high-compression engine was in fact an optional fit from the IIa design for quite some time). Through the Series III production run from 1971 until 1985, the 1,000,000th Land Rover rolled from the manufacturing range in 1976. The Series III spotted numerous alterations in the later section of its lifetime as Land Rover updated the design to satisfy increased competitors. This is the first model to function synchromesh on all four gears, although some belated H-suffix SIIA systems (mainly the greater amount of expensive Station Wagons) had utilized the all-synchro package. Consistent with very early 1970s styles in automotive interior design, in both protection and use of more advanced components, the simple material dashboard of earlier products had been redesigned to just accept a fresh moulded plastic dash. The instrument group, that has been formerly located, is moved to the driver's side. Long-wheelbase Series III cars have the Salisbury back axle (the differential housing and axle circumstances were one-piece) as traditional, while some belated SIIA 109-inch (2,800 mm) automobiles had them too.
In 1980, the 2.25-litre petrol and diesel machines obtained five biggest bearing crankshafts to improve rigidity as well as the transmission, axles and wheel hubs were enhanced. This is the culmination of a number of revisions to the transmission that were made considering that the sixties to fight the all-too-common issue of the rear axle half-shafts breaking-in heavy consumption. This dilemma had been partially due to the build of this shafts by themselves. As a result of totally drifting design of this rear wheel hubs, the 1 / 2 shafts may be eliminated very quickly without being forced to jack the vehicle from the ground. The propensity for commercial operators to overload their particular cars exacerbated this flaw which blighted the show Land Rovers in a lot of of these export markets and founded a reputation that goes on in many markets for this day. This really is inspite of the 1982 re-design (primarily the rise of driving-splines from 10 to 24 to cut back tension) that all but resolved the problem.
In addition, latest trim options were launched to help make the interior more comfortable if the buyer therefore desired (numerous farmers and commercial users preferred the initial, non-trimmed internal).
These adjustment culminated in April 1982 using introduction of the "County" spec. Facility Wagon Land Rovers, for sale in both 88-inch (2,200 mm) and 109-inch (2,800 mm) types. These had all-new fabric seats from Leyland T-45 Lorry, soundproofing kits, shaded glass and other "soft" options built to appeal to the leisure owner/user.
Of most interest is the development of the High capability get toward 109-inch (2,800 mm) framework. This was a pick-up truck load bay that supplied 25percent most cubic capability compared to the standard pick-up design. The HCPU included heavy-duty suspension system and had been well-liked by public utility organizations and design contractors.
The Series IIB FC produced from 1966 ended up being similar to the Series IIA forwards controls but added the 2.25-litre diesel engine as an option. The 2.25-litre motor is the conventional engine with this design, the 2.6-litre motor becoming only designed for export.
High quality wide-track axles (created by ENV) were fitted to develop car stability, because was a front side anti-roll club and revised rear springs of attached above the axle as opposed to below it. Along the way the wheelbase is risen to 110 in (2,794 mm). Manufacturing concluded in 1974 whenever Land-Rover rationalised their automobile number. Most IIB elements were in addition applied to the "1 Ton" 109 in car.
The show IIB FC made out of 1966 is much like the Series IIA ahead controls but included the 2.25-litre diesel engine as an alternative. The 2.25-litre engine ended up being the typical motor because of this design, the 2.6-litre engine being just designed for export.
Heavy weight wide-track axles (created by ENV) were suited to improve car security, since had been a front anti-roll club and revised rear springs of mounted above the axle in the place of below they. In the process the wheelbase ended up being risen to 110 in (2,794 mm). Manufacturing ended in 1974 whenever Land-Rover rationalised their car range. Most IIB elements had been in addition utilized on the "1 Ton" 109 in vehicle.
Southern Africa
Southern Africa's union with Land Rover were only available in 1949 whenever earliest Series I 80-inch designs were marketed in South Africa. In August 1950, vehicles suppliers set up (Pty) Ltd assembled the first land-rover CKD in slot Elizabeth, Southern Africa. Initial local creation of gasoline tanks and chassis at slot Elizabeth plant had been launched in August 1963 and there after the area information inside creation of Land Rovers increasing steadily to 44percent of vehicle weight by 1972. Local content included: framework, path springs, entire body, tyres, seat structures and upholstery, electric battery, fibreglass roofing and all sorts of glass. In 1974 Leyland SA have 3 assembly flowers. Local material increasing more in 1980 with all the Series IIIS models installed with in your area created petrol(R6) and diesel(ADE 236) motors. In 1992 the Blackheath factory inside Cape Province ended up being defined as the largest land-rover CKD system outside of the British.
Army
Britain
The British Army put Series Land Rovers in vast quantities (and consistently make use of the latest Defender versions). The British Army tested the 80-inch (2,000 mm) show I land-rover virtually when it was established in 1948. At that moment, the military is keen on developing a specially designed army energy 44 (the Austin Champ). But the Champ shown too complex, hefty and unreliable in battlefield problems and so the Army appeared to your Land Rover. Within the late 1940s the Ministry of Defence is interested in the standardisation of the automobiles and products. Element of this course of action would be to compliment Rolls-Royce petrol machines to any or all their vehicles (even though most were not actually built by R-R). A batch of show I secure Rovers are fitted with Rolls-Royce B40 four-cylinder motor, which required adjustment to an 81-inch (2,100 mm) wheelbase). However, the system was fat and slow-revving, which stunted performance and produced torque that Rover gearbox could recently handle. Rover persuaded the MOD that, considering the quantities of Land Rovers they were considering buying, that the standard 1.6-litre system would suffice. The MOD began buying Land Rovers in batches from belated 1949. The first batches are for 50 automobiles, but because of the mid-1950s the Army ended up being purchasing Land Rovers 200 vehicles at any given time.
Land Rovers are implemented towards the Korean War while the Suez Crisis, and became standard lighter army motors for the Commonwealth.
But since the sixties progressed, progressively specialised models are developed. Along with the standard 'GS' (General Service) automobiles, a common variation is the 'FFR' (Fitted For Radio', which have 24-volt electrics and a sizable engine-powered generator to energy on-board radios. There have been also Ambulances in the 109-inch (2,800 mm) Series II and show III framework. A well-known variation had been the LRDPV (Long-Range wilderness Patrol automobile), commonly called the 'Pink Panther', due to their distinctive lighter pink sand camouflage. These 109-inch (2,800 mm) Series IIs are stripped of doors and windscreens and installed with grenade launchers, a machine gun installing ring and long-range gas tanks and water tanks. They certainly were utilized by the SAS for wilderness patrol and unique operations.
1983 Show III HT Light
Because of the belated 1970s, the British military had obtained around 9,000 show III models, that have been primarily a special 'heavy-duty' type of the 109-inch (2,800 mm) flaccid Top. These models have enhanced suspension system components and a unique framework cross-member design. They certainly were produced in 12-volt 'GS' brands and 24-volt 'FFR' models. A little amounts are 88-inch (2,200 mm) GS and FFR models, however in general the Army made use of the Air-Portable 1/2 ton, 88-inch (2,200 mm) "Lightweight" variation. The Lightweight was at service by many armies all over the globe. In European countries perhaps the Dutch Landmacht and Danish Army used the Land-Rover Lightweight. Rather than the petrol system the Dutch and Danish Lightweights had diesel machines. Instead of the fabric top the Dutch your had PVC tops such as the latest land-rover 'Wolf'.
Additionally, there were additionally 101-inch (2,600 mm) Forward controls versions, 109-inch (2,800 mm) FV18067 ambulances built by Marshall Aerospace of Cambridge.
The Royal Navy and Royal Air energy in addition obtained and preserved small land-rover fleets throughout the sixties and 1970s. The RAF made use of 88-inch (2,200 mm) systems for communications, liaison, personnel transportation and airfield tractor obligations. The Royal Navy's fleet ended up being, naturally, small and consisted mainly of GS-spec and place truck versions for personnel and cargo transportation.
All British army Land Rovers utilized the 2.25-litre four-cylinder petrol system. But some international clients (including the Netherlands) specified the 2.25-litre diesel product alternatively.
The Land Rover is also the foundation for the Shorland inside safety Patrol Vehicle developed by Short Brothers.
Australian Continent
Australian military Land Rover series 2 anti-tank "gunbuggy" with a 106mm recoilless rifle.
Australian military land-rover implemented to Namibia during UNTAG on screen in the Australian War Memorial.
The Australian-made series 1, 2, 2A and 3 had been widely used by the Australian Army, Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air energy. Many had been GS (General provider) mobility motors with variations built for as long Range Patrol motors, ambulances, command reconnaissance automobiles, fire tenders and ceremonial cars.
The initial ended up being brought to the Army in 1948 therefore the series 1 gradually replaced the World War II age Austin Champs and Jeeps. The show 2 was launched in 1958, the 2a in 1963 and sets 3 in 1973. 72 for the show 2 were fitted as an anti-tank "gunbuggy" with a 106mm recoilless rifle.
The Land Rover Perentie, generally considered an armed forces variation regarding the land-rover Defender, ended up being introduced in 1987, three years prior to the Defender was named in 1990. Over 2,500 four wheel drive and 400 six-wheel drive stay static in service.
Unique Zealand
The brand new Zealand Army purchased 640 associated with Australian-made series 1 between 1951-1953. A similar wide range of series 2 are bought in 1959-1962 and a small group of series 2A in 1965-1967. New Zealand bought a small number of ex-Australian show 2 and 2A vehicles in 1971-72, from the pool utilized by the ANZUK energy in Singapore, of typically re-manufactured by BLMC NZ Ltd in Wellington thus bring Brand new Zealand build plates. These are commonly labeled as a Land Rover "Skippy" and generally are distinctive with differently cut guards. 566 associated with the show 3, mostly 109" V8.s, are bought in 1982-83 and as of 2012 around 320 of these remain in services.
What Land-Rovers?
Facts at this stage suggests the NZ military introduced 640 show 1 80" Land-Rovers between 1951-53.
Upcoming ended up being a group of Series 2 109" in 1959-62, some installed with welders, generators, cranes, etc.
There have been a few ahead settings introduced through the 1960's for assessment.
There was the first batch of Series 2A 88" and 109" between 1965-67.
NZ Land-Rover Show 2A Ton FFW
NZ Land-Rover Series 2A Ton 106RCL
The Australian Army offered some made use of 109" Land-Rovers around 1970-72. This group came to exist mainly through ANZUK detachments in bases such as Singapore.
a group of mainly 88" show 2A came into the newest Zealand Army direct from Australian military in 1970-71. These are typically known to Kiwis as "Skippys" and unique making use of their "slashed guards". However a few of these seem to have been built in NZ, and not ex Australia.
AM's NZ Land-Rover Show 2A Great Deal Skippy
In recent usage are the batch of 566 show 3 109" phase One V8's that came betwen 1982-83. These cars were equiped exactly like the civil phase 1 with a V8 engine and 4 speed gearbox. Twenty of these are 'retro-fitted for Bosnia' using the 300 TDi engine, disk brakes, hard-top and white paint. Eighty associated with Stage people are marketed by tender in Summer 2000.
PD's Land-Rover Series 3 V8
Articles in the Evening Post (26/6/00) said NZ defence is in the means of replacing the residual 320 Stage One fleet and also looked at Humvees (nice spec but too expensive) and Land-Rovers and Daimler-Chryslers.
NZ Army Series 2A 88"
A fascinating small article had been printed in Land-Rover's supplier newsletter, the Rover/Alvis team Information, dated May 1967:
"THE MILITARY TAKES OVER"
"oahu is the exact same around the world in virtually any self-respecting Army. 1st order brand new recruits are called upon to obey could be the equal to what in British military parlance are Have fell in! Also it is the same of these modern Land-Rovers once they 'joined' the brand new Zealand Army on a long-term engagement.
"The vehicles had been part of the brand new Zealand buy established within the last dilemma of team Development. They were transported CKD to unique Zealand and put together for Rover unique Zealand in the unique Zealand engine systems plant at Auckland. A considerable number of local-made elements become incorporated."
b&w image number 1; a-row of dark-green 88's with complete canvas (6 vehicles visible) in a field with bonnets available, appearing to be standard automobiles excluding their MOD front two fold bumpers, an individual ext. mirror, and their Army car figures, such as for instance NZ32032, becoming approximately 2 ins higher, painted in white (passenger part best) privately of the mudguard, within firewall end, degree with all the headlights (just underneath the 'waistline' curve). The tyres appear to be 6.50-16 Dunlop path Traks (identical to on HUE-166) - "On parade for examination. A line of impeccably ended up motors, bonnet covers at the 'present', continue to be rigidly at attention while machines become checked over by Cpl. G.J. Lonie, of Christchurch, an everyday energy vehicle auto mechanic connected to the first Composite Ordnance providers, and Cfn. N. Ward, of Ashburton (rear), an auto electrician. These Land-Rovers spotted their particular very first Army provider on a brigade exercise at Waiouru."
b&w picture # 2; a-row of dark green 88's from contrary forward position (4 vehicles noticeable) facing a factory means building with two males standing in front of one of several Land-Rovers, one out of Army overalls, one in a match - "'Sign here kindly'. Warrant Officer W. Morfat gets control a batch of 'Regulars' from Mr. Jack Grimmett, brand new Zealand engine systems installation Division supervisor."
b&w picture no. 3; the tailgate of one dark-green 88" try open and the top rolled back once again showing a full match of broadcast equipment. It really is full. There appears to be extremely little room to suit an operator. There is apparently a strongly fabricated steel buffer installed above the chair bulkhead to stop loose equipment going into the forward controls place. One-man in military overalls in located because of the tailgate tuning kit, and a lab man in a lab layer is writing on a clipboard - "In the 'suppression cage', Mr. Garry Sharpe, New Zealand Motor figures main inspector, and an Army N.C.O., test broadcast gear for interference."
The Land-Rover 'Gunbuggy' variant conversions are completed on some (existing) Series 2 and (interesting) show 2A great deal G.S. Land-Rovers in 1963-64 the use within the Anti container role. The Army acquired 72 of this 106mm RCL firearms for use on Land-Rovers and M113 APCs. The Gunbuggy conversions on SWB Land-Rovers were done by RAEME (3 Base Workshops Broadmeadows Vic) and there some 'in-service' as late as 1996 (!!!!), seeing activity in Vietnam inside their very first decade of service.Click picture for bigger type of photo As a normal sample, the Logbook from Gunbuggy 112-655 (24303650A 13/12/63) registers the conversion being done at an odometer researching of 185 miles and using 301 man-hours (the logbook in addition is the whole vehicle/unit as NSN 2320-66-036-9735).
The Gunbuggy is the main medium-range anti-armour weapon of RAR. How many Gunbuggys are made and 'in-service'? Research info on the Gunbuggy had been just like non-existant until Mike Cecil, a specialist connected to the Australian War Memorial, published their article detailing the Australian Army's platforms with their M40A1 106mm Recoilless Rifles (military mag 8/02):
Land-Rover 88" Gunbuggys = 69 units
Show 2 Gunbuggys = 24 units
Series 2A Gunbuggys = 45 devices
Several Land-Rover show 3 109" test models.
88" Gunbuggy Conversion details:
Pictures of Gunbuggy particular details can be located on the why is they a Gunbuggy? page.
Fitted For Rifle 106mm -(Kit LV6/MT/C100064), aka "Gunbuggy" aka M40A1 106mm Recoilless Rifle (RCL)
3.4m barrel fitted with .50 cal "spotting gun" on top
range 750m moving target, 1700m fixed target
Ammunition TEMPERATURE 17kg round, HEPT 17kg round
Traverse limitation 360 height restrictions -17 to +65
seatbelts fitted (vehicle used as quickly as possible) because doorways had been permanently removed plus roofing, tailgate etc
beefed up back suspension system and rear framework (copes with additional weight and surprise)
forward face of front mudguard panels offered "Minerva" procedures in show 2 and 2A, as a reinforcement measure, as well as negative cutaway procedures added to show 2A
chair bulkhead cut away in the middle to permit gun support at center crossmember of chassis
barrel clamp band fixed centrally to leading of firewall (so no windscreen) -twin tiny windshields clamped on with attachments as an alternative
wipers organized thru the 2 air flow panels (redundant actually as windshields best used on parade)
tool clamps on seatbox and ammo field on vertical area of bulkhead below dash settings
elimination of standard free tyre supports
double fuel tanks and joining faucet fitted in seatbox, with toolbox in centre
fuel fillers removed to allow for layer stowage (gas container caps accessed under chairs)
grab rails installed inside top sides of backside tub
fatigue muffler location modified to facilitate barrel cleanup rod stowage in a tube welded in accordance with chassis PTO opening (swing coverplate fitted)
substantial backside bodywork alteration to facilitate stowage of six 106mm shells parallel within sides of rear body (layer tubes extend to seat bulkhead, 3 each part)
back floor have steel station or routine to guide front wheel of gun "tripod" and mounting for rear legs of "tripod"
tools to permit elimination of weapon to facilitate use within emplacement, airlift or "man packing" (219kg -ugh!) into large ground an such like and
camo netting attached various, ditto broadcast, jerry cans, packs.
Operational Suggestions:
managed in pairs
bravery needed right here as you need zero protection from bullets, schrapnel, artillery and container fire etc, (in accordance with other infantry) and you're sitting on a prime target
dangerous when braking hard at speeds in reverse
should notice associates guidelines suggests unsuitability of helmets while the use of ear muffs (numerous providers possess some hearing loss)
crewed by (members chosen for capability at speeds)
motorist
firearm loader
gunner
"commander/navigator" (usually LCPL or CPL)
in a 1960's framework this two unit team could get most near opponent place (by virtue of SWB flexibility, reduced silhouette, relatively reasonable automobile sounds & pounds -not tracked), and either dig-in and surprise ambush (after that keep scene ASAP) or, in open action, come to a screaming end and fire, reload and go off ASAP. The latter activity is over in 15-20 moments. There clearly was powerful motivation to have "out-of-range" as stated above, not to mention atmosphere attack/retaliation: strictly "capture 'n scoot"...
Firearm by Springfield U.S.A. carried 7 shell capacity split typically to 4 armour, 3 soft target
ex-crew opinions...
"It's a pig to push."
"any place in a 30m distance to the back was a no-go location -severe surprise or bleeding ears if not."
"The buggy ended up being close till initial shot - from then on the gasoline measure, indicator and brake light filaments, and panel lights had been all U/S."
"Tankies see disturb on workouts. We "knocked out" heaps of Leopards in 2 time. That is really worth many."
The Australian engineered and built Gunbuggy variation is the longest helping Land-Rover conversion to date. There have been withdrawn from service in the exact middle of the 1990's. High priced conversion rates are not changed as frequently as G.S. variants obviously, but this is in addition an incident of maybe not requiring or not having some thing to supercede the 106mm RCL. It is the "relatively best" anti-armour gun, because a 106mm slug will penetrate armour; deeply and profoundly. So technical components had been replaced (eg motor and drivetrain) as the years went by. Another exemplory instance of long solution could be the Ambulance transformation (aka blood field) that spent ages 'in-service' from 1963 to 1991, also due to the prohibitive replacement expenses associated with bodywork.
For sale is a 1979 Land Rover Series 3 109. This a rare 2dr fleet side. This means that the vehicle can be converted to a canvas top or pickup if you so choose.
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Series 1, 2 and 3 Land Rover: Parts, Restoration, Service ...
Land Rover Series resource for spare parts, accessories, merchandise, publications, clubs, history, tools, Land Rovers for sale
Landrover Ranch located in New Mexico, USA, specializes in restoration, sales, and service of classic Series Landrovers.
Land Rover Defender - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Land Rover Defender (initially called the Land Rover Ninety and Land Rover One Ten) is a British four-wheel-drive off-road utility vehicle developed from the ...
land rover series 3 Cars for sale - Gumtree
Find the latest used and new Land Rover cars for sale on Gumtree. See the latest private & trade Land Rover cars for sale and more.
Land Rover Series - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Land Rover Series I: Successor: Land Rover Series IIA: The successor to the successful Series I was the Series II, which saw a production run from 1958 to 1961.
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